History 320-13
Crises from Colony to Republic: Social History of
the Trans-Independence Andes
Instructor: Chad Black
The University of New Mexico
Spring, 2002
Class Meetings: Tuesdays, 5:00-7:45
Office Hours: Monday, 3:00-4:00; Tuesdays, 3:00-5:00; or by appt.
Mesa Vista Hall, 2082
Phone: 277-2267/254-7611 Email: cblack@unm.edu
Qualified students with disabilities needing appropriate academic adjustments should contact me as soon as possible to ensure that your needs are met in class.
In this course we will explore the dramatic transformations of Latin American society in its transition from colony to independent republic during the period historians call Latin America’s ‘long nineteenth century.’ We will zero in on the emergent states of the Andean region as a larger case study of the processes involved in the birth of the region’s new nations, the consolidation of a new legal order, and the evolution of systems of economic and social dependence. More specifically, we will focus on how the momentous political and economic changes of the period impacted, and were impacted by the region’s subaltern populations.
Our course of study is divided into three sections. First, we will investigate the structures and crises of the late colonial period. What were the realities of Spain’s rule in the Andes? How did indigenous, mestizo, and black populations react to this rule? Where did women fit into the Spanish colonial order? What can the great revolt of Tupac Amaru in 1780 tell us of Andean society in the Age of Revolution? Second, we will explore the process of Independence in the region. Why were the wars of Independence led by individuals from other areas of the Empire? Did the popular sectors of society participate in the conquest of Independence? Finally, we will explore the challenges and contradictions inherent in the construction of republican societies in the eighty years following the era of Independence. We will do this through an examination of distinct case studies dealing with the Indian, women, and laboring populations. These case studies will bring us to the triumph of liberalism and the region’s entrance into the world of twentieth century modern, mass politics.
Assignments: Students are required to prepare assigned readings, attend and participate actively in class meetings, maintain a journal, and write two 5-7 page book reviews. The journal will record your reactions to and reflections on weekly lectures and readings. It will be collected and graded three times a semester. I am the only one who will read it, so I encourage you to be honest in your responses. The book reviews will include one of our assigned books and one additional book of your from a bibliography I will provide. Finally, there will be two exams, a mid-term and a final.
Grades will be determined as follows:
Attendance and Participation: 10%
Journal: 25%
Book Reviews: 25%
Exams: 40%
Readings: The required monographs below have been ordered by the UNM bookstore. Additional copies will be put on reserve. The additional readings will be on reserve at Zimmerman library, labeled by week. The list below of reserve readings is not final and may be subject to change.
Required Books:
Sarah Chambers, From Subjects to Citizens: Honor, Gender, and Politics in Arequipa, Peru, 1780-1854 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999)
Charles F. Walker, Smoldering Ashes: Cuzco and the Creation of Republican Peru, 1780-1840 (Durham: Duke University Press, 1999)
Optional Books:
Kenneth Andrien, Andean Worlds: Indigenous History, Culture, and Consciousness under Spanish Rule, 1532-1825 (Albuquerque: UNM Press, 2001)
Deborah Poole, Vision, Race, and Modernity: A Visual Economy of the Andean Image World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997)
Reserve Readings:
Independence set.
Manuel Gonzalez Prada, “Priests, Indians, Soldiers, and Heroes”
Florencia Mallon, “Comas and the War of the Pacific”
José Carlos Mariátegui, “The Problem of the Land”
__________, “The Problem of the Indian”
Vicente Peloso, “Juan Esquivel: A Cotton Tenant”
Flora Tristan, “The Women of Lima”
Mark Van Aken, “The Lingering Death of Indian Tribute in Ecuador”
I will meet with any graduate students joining us to determine the extra work you get to do in both reading and writing. Grad students do not need to keep a journal, but in addition to the two book reviews, you get to write a historiography on a topic that meets my approval and your interest.
Schedule of Class Meetings and Assignments
Week 1 15 January Introduction
PART I: Crises of Colonial Rule, 1780-1800
Week 2 22 January Colonial Foundations
Week 2 Reserve.
Week 3 29 January Tupac Amaru, Race, and Ethnicity in the Late Colony
Walker, 1-55.
Week 4 05 February Bourbon Reforms, Bourbon Failures
Walker, 55-83; Week 4 Reserve.
PART II: Independence from Without, 1800-1830
Week 5 12 February Independence I: Overview
Journal Due.
Week 5 Reserve.
Week 6 19 February Independence II: Bringing the War to the People
Walker, 84-120; Chambers, 1-43.
Week 7 28 February Independence III: Consolidating Victory, Review
Week 8 05 March EXAM!!
PART III: Case Studies in the Social History of New Nations, 1830-1910
Week 9 12 March Spring Break
Week 10 19 March Constructing a New Order
Walker, 121-185; Chambers, 45-90.
Week 11 26 March Indians I: Challenges to Legal Status
Journal Due.
Walker, 186-230; Week 11 Reserve.
Week 12 02 April Indians II: Changing Contours of Indian Identity, or the Construction of Biological Racism
Week 12 Reserve.
Week 13 09 April Women: Towards a New Gender Regime
Chambers, 91-254; Week 13 Reserve.
Week 14 16 April Economics I: Labor, Land, and National Debt
Week 14 Reserve.
Week 15 23 April Economics II: Looking for the Export Panacea, Economic Imperialism
Week 15 Reserve.
Week 16 30 April Towards a Mass Society, Review
Journal Due.
Final Exam– 07 May